Hygiene

   * Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases. Medical hygiene therefore includes a specific set of practices associated with this preservation of health, for example environmental cleaning, sterilization of equipment, hand hygiene, water and sanitation and safe disposal of medical waste.

 1-Clean Care is Safer Care

   First Global Patient Safety Challenge

The goal of Clean Care is Safer Care is to ensure that infection control is acknowledged universally as a solid and essential basis towards patient safety and supports the reduction of health care-associated infections and their consequences.
As a global campaign to improve hand hygiene among health-care workers, SAVE LIVES: Clean Your Hands is a major component of Clean Care is Safer Care. It advocates the need to improve and sustain hand hygiene practices of health-care workers at the right times and in the right way to help reduce the spread of potentially life-threatening infections in health-care facilities.
  
 2-Water Sanitation Health
 Water supply, sanitation and hygiene development
Safe and sufficient drinking-water, along with adequate sanitation and hygiene have implications across all Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) – from eradicating poverty and hunger, reducing child mortality, improving maternal health, combating infectious diseases, to ensuring environmental sustainability. Much progress has been achieved over the past decade:

• 2.3 billion people gained access to improved drinking-water between 1990–2012.
• The number of children dying from diarrhoeal diseases, which are strongly associated with poor water, inadequate sanitation and hygiene, have steadily fallen over the two last decades from approximately 1.5million deaths in 1990 to just above 600 000 in 2012.

As the world turns its attention to the formulation of the post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) much remains to be done particularly to reduce inequalities across populations:

• 2.5 billion people lack access to improved sanitation.
• 1 billion people practice open defecation, nine out of ten in rural areas.
• 748 million people lack access to improved drinking-water and it is estimated that 1.8 billion people use a source of drinking-water that is faecally contaminated.
• Hundreds of millions of people have no access to soap and water to wash their hands, preventing a basic act that would empower them to block the spread of disease.